From Alexa to Siri and the GDPR: The gendering of Virtual Personal Assistants and the role of Data Protection Impact Assessments |
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| Affiliation: | 3. Media Policy and Democracy Project, Faculty of Humanities, University of Johannesburg, United Kingdom;4. Dickson Poon School of Law, King''s College London, Institute of Advanced Legal Studies, School of Advanced Study, University of London, London WC1B 5DR, United Kingdom;5. Information Law and Policy Centre, Institute of Advanced Legal Studies, University of London, United Kingdom;6. Institute of Advanced Legal Studies, School of Advanced Study, University of London, London WC1B 5DR, United Kingdom;1. Information Law and Policy Centre, Institute of Advanced Legal Studies, University of London, United Kingdom;2. Leverhulme Centre for the Future of Intelligence (CFI), University of Cambridge, United Kingdom;3. Media Policy and Democracy Project, Faculty of Humanities, University of Johannesburg, United Kingdom;4. Dickson Poon School of Law, King''s College London, Institute of Advanced Legal Studies, School of Advanced Study, University of London, London WC1B 5DR, United Kingdom;5. Information Law and Policy Centre, Institute of Advanced Legal Studies, University of London, United Kingdom;6. Institute of Advanced Legal Studies, School of Advanced Study, University of London, London WC1B 5DR, United Kingdom |
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| Abstract: | With female names, voices and characters, artificially intelligent Virtual Personal Assistants such as Alexa, Cortana, and Siri appear to be decisively gendered female. Through an exploration of the various facets of gendering at play in the design of Siri, Alexa and Cortana, we argue that this gendering of VPAs as female may pose a societal harm, insofar as they reproduce normative assumptions about the role of women as submissive and secondary to men. In response, this article turns to examine the potential role and scope of data protection law as one possible solution to this problem. In particular, we examine the role of data privacy impact assessments that highlight the need to go beyond the data privacy paradigm, and require data controllers to consider and address the social impact of their products. |
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