走出民事再审中发回重审之困境的思考

我国的民事诉讼程序在不断改革中逐步走向完善,但是由于立法上再审程序对普通程序的依附性没有消除,加之现有诉讼程序系统内某些自洽性的阙如,导致了民事再审发回重审的诸多误区。民事再审发回重审后的程序应定性为再审程序而非普通程序。在完善再审发回重审制度时,应注意对程序违法是否导致发回重审作具体分析,恰当发挥重审制度的诉讼监督功能,赋予当事人一定的程序选择权,避免诉讼的延宕。实务中也有必要取消发回内部函,提升发回重审裁定的法律约束力。对调解书再审时,如违反自愿合法原则,应裁定发回重审,并妥善协调与民诉法第204条的关系。

Consideration on Getting out of The Dilemma of Remand for Retrial in Civil Retrial

China’s civil procedures are gradually becoming more perfect in the process of reform,but many misunderstandings of remand for retrial in civil retrial come into being because the dependency of legislative retrial procedure on ordinary procedure has not been eliminated and self-consistency in existing system of legal procedures are absent.The following procedure after remand for retrial in civil retrial shall be determined by retrial procedure rather than ordinary procedure.While perfecting the system of remand for retrial,we shall also conduct specific analysis on whether illegal procedures result in remand for retrial,properly play the function of judicial supervision of retrial system,and empower parties with a certain right of choice of procedures in order to avoid delay of lawsuit.In practice,it is also necessary to cancel internal remanded letter and upgrade the legal binding force of adjudication of remand for retrial.When mediation document is for retrial,remand for retrial shall be judged and the relationship with article 204 in Civil Procedure Law shall be properly coordinated,if it violates the voluntary and legitimate principle.