土地转让性与土地资源配置问题研究

资源的转让性是资源定价和通过市场机制来配置资源的前提。然而,上世纪80年代以来的中国农业改革却在土地没有转让性的情况下实现了农业生产的高速增长。究其原因,根本在于人多地少这一特殊国情。随着人口与土地关系的变化及农村经济结构的转变,土地资源需要重新配置。这就要求土地资源能够自由转让。本文分析了其他替代机制所带来的高成本及由此引起的效率损失。针对目前中国农村的具体情况,本文认为实行有条件的土地转让是可行的政策选择。

The Transferability and Efficient Allocation of Rural Land in China

The transferability (or market transaction) of a certain resource is the prerequisite to its pricing and efficient allocation through market mechanism. But what is curious about the success of China's agricultural reforms in the 1980s was that it was achieved by the nontransferability of rural land. When the farmers have complete landuse right and the exclusive right to enjoy the income from the use, the efficiency of land-use may still be very high even if there does not exist a land transaction market to reallocate the land with the existence of enough surplus labor, which can be seen in the case of China, where the usable land is quite limited and land assigned to each household or each farmer is very little. However, it is necessary for farmers to be reallocated land with the imbalance between the population and rural land, and the transformation of agricultural structure, that is, free transfer of land resource. The author analyzes the high cost of alternative mechanism of allocating land and the loss of efficiency incurred in it. The author concludes that the free transfer of rural land in China is a policy option.