论不能犯与不能犯未遂问题

大陆法系国家刑法理论中关于不能犯的学说异常复杂,存在主观说和客观说的基本对立。进而基于对危险的判断基准的理解不同,又有"纯粹主观说"、"抽象危险说"、"具体危险说"、"客观危险说"等的论争。承认能犯未遂与不能犯未遂的分类具有合理性,区分二者对于刑事司法实践中正确量刑具有一定的意义。对于不能犯未遂的种类及其称谓,宜采纳"工具不能犯"与"对象不能犯"的观点。不能犯未遂的成立范围应当按照具体危险说的标准来确定。不能犯未遂负刑事责任的根据,在于其具备了主观罪过和客观犯罪行为这两个犯罪构成中最基本的要素,并且进而决定了其具有相当严重程度的社会危害性。迷信犯与不能犯之不同,在于其缺乏犯罪行为。

On Issues of Legal Impossibility and Attempted Crime due to Impossibility

In criminal jurisprudence of civil law systems,theories on legal impossibility is so intricate that subjective and objective theories contradict while coexist.Further,different interpretations of dangerousness test criteria lead to arguments over different theories ofthe pure subjectivity,the abstract dangerousness,the concrete dangerousnessandthe objective dangerousness.The differentiation between incomplete attempt and imperfect attempt is rational and beneficial for correct sentencing in criminal judicia...