论微罪体系的构建--以醉酒驾驶型危险驾驶罪研究为切入点

近年来,我国活跃的刑事立法中呈现出法定最高刑为一年有期徒刑以下(含拘役)的微罪类型,这在我国刑罚结构明显趋重的刑法体系中显得尤为特殊。我国刑罚附随后果的严重性和广泛性,使微罪在司法适用中受到了质疑,其中最为明显的当属醉酒驾驶型危险驾驶罪。微罪的正当性建立在法益保护原则以及比例原则的基础上。在立法设计方面,微罪入刑应当严守“非实害犯”的界定,并以故意这一主观要件对刑事可罚性予以限制;同时应配置轻缓化的处遇措施,注重与行政处罚的衔接。在司法适用方面,微罪一律起诉、一律判刑的思维不可取。为实现个案公正,应当充分发挥现有刑事诉讼制度框架内的相对不起诉制度功能,并激活我国《刑法》第37条定罪免刑条款,以达到微罪的轻缓化处罚效果。

On the Construction of Petty Offenses System-Based on the Research into the Crime of Dangerous Driving unde r the Influence of Alcohol

In recent years,the type of petty offenses with a statutory maximum penalty of less than one year’s imprisonment(including criminal detention)has emerged in the active criminal legislation,which is particularly special in China’s criminal law system with an obvious trend of penalty becoming increasingly severe.Because of the seriousness and extensiveness of the accompanying consequences of criminal conviction in China,the petty offenses have been questioned in the judicial practice,with the most prominent one being the crime of dangerous driving under the influence of alcohol.The legitimacy of petty offenses is based on the principle of legal interest protection and the principle of proportionality.In terms of the legislative design,for criminalizing petty offenses,the nature of“Offense without Actual Damage”should be firmly insisted on and its criminal penalization should be limited by the subjective element of intention.Meanwhile,lenient treatment measures should be established,and the connection with administrative penalties should be emphasized.In terms of the judicial practice,the way of thinking of prosecuting and imposing sentence for allpetty offenses is not advisable.In order to realize the justice of individual cases,full play should be given to the function of the relative non-prosecution system within the framework of the existing criminal procedure system and Article 37 of the Criminal Law as a provision on conviction without penalty should be activated,so as to achieve the effect of light and moderate punishment for petty offenses.