核准追诉低龄未成年人刑事责任的程序定位及其重要展开

从程序上看,核准追诉低龄未成年人刑事责任的行为属于侦查程序的行为,而不是立案程序或审查起诉程序的行为。因而报请核准追诉的时间应当分为两种情况:一是在需要逮捕被追诉人的案件中,侦查机关应当在提请批准逮捕的同时报请核准追诉;二是在无需逮捕被追诉人的案件中,侦查机关在确定查明的事实与收集的证据符合核准追诉条件时,就应当立即报请核准追诉。根据这种程序定位,在核准追诉的证据方面,应当根据我国《刑法》第17条第3款规定的实体法事实确定证明对象,根据审查批捕标准确定核准追诉的证明标准;在核准追诉的当事人参与权与救济权方面,应当听取未成年犯罪嫌疑人及其辩护律师的意见,还应当听取被害人及其近亲属的意见,被害人及其近亲属不服不予核准追诉决定的,不可提起自诉,但可以申请复议一次。

The Procedural Orientation of Approving the Prosecution of A Yong Minor and the Discussion of Important Issues based on It

From the perspective of procedure,the act of approving the prosecution of a young minor should be categorized as an act of investigative procedure,rather than an act of the procedure of filing a case or the procedure of conducting examination for prosecution.Therefore,the time of applying for approval of prosecution should be divided into two situations:first,in the case of being necessary to arrest the accused,the investigation organ should apply for approving prosecution at the same time;second,in the case of no need to arrest the accused,the investigation organ should immediately apply for approval of prosecution when it is determined that the facts found and the evidence collected meet the conditions for approving prosecution.According to this procedural orientation,in terms of evidence for approval of prosecution,the object of proof should be determined according to the facts of the substantive law stipulated in Paragraph 3 of Article 17 of the Criminal Law,and the standard of proof should be determined according to the standard of examination for approval of arrest.In terms of the rights of parties of the case of the approval for prosecution to participation and relief,opinions should be solicited from such minor suspect and his/her defense lawyer,the victim and his/her close relatives.The victim or one of his/her close relatives who is unsatisfied with the decision on non-approval for prosecution is not allowed to initiate a private prosecution,but he/she can apply for review once.