张家山汉简《告律》考论

张家山汉简中首次发现汉代的《告律》,可以改变人们对汉代法律的认识。唐代有关著述都认为汉律中有关告劾之事包括在《囚律》之中,但根据张家山汉简有关资料来看,汉初《告律》是单纯的有关告诉之事的法律,而《囚律》则是单纯的断狱之法。汉《囚律》演变为唐之《断狱律》,而《告律》则为唐《斗讼律》中“讼事”之源。秦汉律关于告诉的法律可分三个部分,一是设立各种罪名及相应的刑事责任来规范告诉,二是规定对某些告诉司法官员可以依法勿听,三是鼓励人们告奸及自告但又严格区别诬告与告不审。

On the Zhangjia Mountain Bamboo Clips of Han and "Gaolv"

The writers of Tang Dynasty believed that the "Qiulv" of Han regulated the matters of prosecution. But the Zhangjia Mountain Bamboo Clips of Han shows that it was the "Gaolv" of Han that regulated such matters, and that "Qiulv" regulated only the matters of sentence. The "Qiulv" evolved later into the "Duanyulv" of Tang, and the "Gaolv" evolved into the "Dousonglv" of Tang. Accusations and their respective criminal responsibility, the prosecution that judicial officials can reject to accept, and the encouragement of impeachment and surrender are the main content of the matters of prosecution in Qin and Han.