走私犯罪既未遂形态认定研究

分析229份涉走私未遂案件的裁判文书发现,走私犯罪既未遂的认定标准很不统一,判决难点问题集中,相互矛盾明显。犯罪的本质在于侵害法益,大多数故意犯罪都存在一定的行为过程,犯罪的本质也应贯彻于犯罪认定的整个过程之中。作为犯罪过程中的停止形态,既未遂的判断,也可通过法益侵害程度来考察。走私类犯罪侵犯的主要法益是国家外贸管制和海关监管制度,根据走私的形式不同,法益侵害程度的标准可以区分和细化,进而区别认定它们的既未遂形态。

Study on Determination of Complete or Attempted Crime of Smuggling

By analyzing 229 judgments involving attempted smuggling,it is found that the standards for determining complete or attempted smuggling are not unified,with concentrated difficulties in judgement and prominent contradictions.The essence of crimes lies in infringing upon legal right.There is certain process of conduct in most intentional crimes,so the essence of crimes should be implemented in the whole criminal process.The determination of complete or attempted crimes in the criminal process can be made by examining thedegree of infringement of legal right.The main legal rights infringed on by the crimes of smuggling infringe are the national management of foreign trade and the system of customs supervision.According to different modes of smuggling,the degree of infringing on legal interests can be distinguished and refined,thus separately determining them as complete crimes or attempts.