社区类型与邻里关系特质——以北京为例

受传统主义、社会主义和市场经济三大因素的影响,我国城市社区形成了三种基本类型:第一种类型是街道平房社区;第二种类型是社会主义工业化建设时期的单位社区;第三种类型是20世纪90年代以后兴起的商品楼社区。值得注意的是,我国城市在出现“富人区”与“穷人区”分化的同时,也出现了不同居住阶层居民混住的特征,而市区之外不同居住层次的小区则出现了分区混在的特点。探索在社区空间中消除居民之间阶层差异的机制,以生活主义为基本原理重构居民生活体系,是我国城市社会面临的一个重要课题。

Types of Community and Relationship of Neighbors——Taking Beijing as an example

The combination of tradition,socialism and market economy has resulted in three types of community patterns in the cities of China.The first type is the lane-community pattern.The second type of community formed during the period of Chinese socialist industrialization.The third type is the commodity-flats community appeared after the 1990s.The intensification of the distinction between rich and poor deserves our attention.Meanwhile,it is also noticeable that there is a tendency of inter-stratum housing complex in the city area,while people living in the suburban areas are grouped into different communities in the same wide range.A community should provide much more than a place for housing people,but a sort of social regrouping coordinated according to sets of life-oriented principles.This is still a question unanswered.