论《物权法》第28条中“法律文书”的涵义与类型

我国《物权法》第28条因"法律文书"引起的物权变动,是司法裁判权、仲裁裁决权、强制执行权行使的结果,属于因公权力的行使发生的物权变动,故物权变动是否因公权力的行使而发生是确定该条款中"法律文书"涵义和类型的基础。由确认之诉、给付之诉及形成之诉各自功能所决定,直接引起物权变动的法律文书仅限于形成性法律文书,不包括确认性和给付性法律文书。形成性法律文书主要是指形成判决,即因形成诉权的行使作出的判决,而确认单纯形成权行使效力的判决不是形成判决。强制执行程序中拍卖成交确认裁定和强制抵债裁定也属于形成性法律文书。民事调解书不属于形成性法律文书的范畴,不能直接引起物权变动。

On Meanings and Types of the Legal Documents in Article 28 of the Real Right Law

The alteration of real right,caused by the "legal document" specified by Article 28 of the Real Right Law of the People’s Republic of China,is resulted from the implementation of the powers with regards to judicial adjudication,arbitration award and compulsory execution and,is an alteration of real right caused by the implementation of public powers.So the meaning and type of the "legal document" specified in the said article shall be determined according to whether the alteration of real right is caused by the implementation of public powers.Due to the respective functions of the action for confirmation,the action of performance and the action of formation,the legal documents directly leading to the alteration of real right are limited to legal documents of formation,and do not include documents of confirmation or documents of performance.Legal documents of formation mainly mean adjudications of formation,namely the adjudications made according to the implementation of the right to action of formation,while adjudications confirming merely the effectiveness of the implementation of conformation right are not adjudications of formation.Awards confirming the completion of an auction and awards on forcible debts payment in kind during the procedure of compulsory execution are also legal documents of formation.Civil reconciliation agreements are not legal documents of formation and may not lead to the alteration of real right directly.