从封闭走向开放——日本中小企业创新模式的转变

20世纪90年代以来,日本中小企业创新模式由封闭模式向开放模式转变。这种创新模式的转变在模糊企业边界的同时使企业内外部资源被共同应用于创新活动之中,其转变的根源在于分工的深化和专业化水平的提高,具体而言就是企业克服交易费用后对创新过程的分解和优化。日本中小企业创新模式的转变为企业带来了效率、成本和利润上的积极效应,也促进了整个市场的良性发展,对于中国中小企业创新活动的开展具有借鉴意义。

From Closed to Open: Transformation of Japanese SMEs' Innovation Mode

The innovation mode of Japanese small and medium enterprises(SMEs) has changed from closed innovation to open innovation since 1990s.Internal and external resources are used for innovation through the fuzzy boundary of the firm during the transformation of Japanese SMEs innovation mode.The reason of this transformation is the development of division and specialization,which means enterprises disassemble and optimize the innovation process after overcoming the transaction costs.The transformation of Japanese SMEs innovation mode has brought positive effects to the firms'efficiency,cost,and profit and has promoted well development of the whole market.Chinese SMEs could get some experiences from the transformation of Japanese SMEs innovation mode.