经鼻给药沉香精油对单次长时间应激小鼠PTSD样行为及海马GluN2A、GluN2B表达的影响

目的 评价经鼻给药沉香精油对单次长时间应激（single-prolonged stress，SPS）诱导的小鼠创伤后应激障碍（posttraumatic stress disorder，PTSD）样行为的作用，并从突触的角度探讨其可能的作用机制。方法 通过气相色谱—质谱联用定性分析沉香精油主要成分；将C57BL/6小鼠随机分为正常组、模型组、沉香精油低剂量组、沉香精油高剂量组和阳性药组[罗利普兰(Rolipram,ROL)]，每组8只。采用行为学实验评价SPS小鼠的PTSD样行为：分别通过恐惧记忆测试实验检测小鼠恐惧凝滞时间，旷场和高架十字迷宫实验评价小鼠的焦虑样行为。Western blot法检测小鼠海马组织N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸受体（N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor，NMDAR）2A亚单位（GluN2A）、2B亚单位（GluN2B）蛋白表达水平。结果 沉香精油样品中共检测到117种挥发性成分。动物实验结果表明，与正常组比较，模型组小鼠表现出强烈的焦虑样行为及恐惧记忆消退异常（P＜0.05），而沉香精油及阳性药ROL可明显改善SPS小鼠的异常行为（P＜0.05），并逆转GluN2A、GluN2B的异常表达（P＜0.05）。结论 经鼻给药沉香精油对SPS诱导的小鼠PTSD样行为具有改善作用，其机制可能与调控GluN2A、GluN2B蛋白表达有关。

Effect of Transnasal Administration of Agarwood Essential Oil on Posttraumatic Stress Disorder-like Behaviors and the Expression of GluN2A and GluN2B in the Hippocampus in Mice Induced by Single Prolonged Stress

Objective To investigate the effect of transnasal administration of agarwood essential oil on mice with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)-like behaviors induced by single prolonged stress (SPS)and its possible mechanisms from the perspective of synaptic plasticity. Methods Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used for qualitative analysis of the main components of agarwood essential oil. C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into normal group,model group, low- and high-dose agarwood essential oil groups, and positive drug group, with 8 mice in each group.Behavioral experiments were used to assess the PTSD-like behaviors of SPS mice; the fear memory test was used to measure the fear freezing value of mice, and the open field test and the elevated plus maze test were used to assess anxiety-like behaviors; Western blot was used to measure the protein expression levels of GluN2A and GluN2B in the hippocampus of mice. Results A total of 117 volatile components were detected in agarwood essential oil samples. Animal experiments showed that compared with the normal group, the model group showed marked anxiety-like behaviors and significant abnormalities in fear memory extinction (P<0.05), while agarwood essential oil and the positive drug ROL significantly improved the abnormal behaviors of SPS mice (P<0.05) and reversed the abnormal expression of GluN2A and GluN2B (P<0.05). Conclusion Transnasal administration of agarwood essential oil can improve the PTSD-like behaviors of mice induced by SPS, possibly by regulating the protein expression levels of GluN2A and GluN2B.