基于文献与专家咨询的中医体质舌象特征研究

目的 构建中医体质舌象特征条目池并评价其在体质辨识中的贡献度。方法 梳理现有文献中中医体质的舌象特征，构建特征条目池，采用德尔菲法专家咨询形成专家共识。结果 通过22篇文献构建了9种体质104项舌象特征条目池，在此基础上，专家对舌象特征在中医体质辨识的重要性进行打分，形成7种体质20项的专家共识条目，总体评价均值为8.13分，其中血瘀质（8.76分）、痰湿质（8.53分）、湿热质（8.42分）和阴虚质（8.39分）表现出较高的贡献度。结论 不同体质具有不同的舌象特征，舌象特征对体质辨识具有一定的指导意义，但通过舌象区分体质类型具有一定的难度。

Characteristics of Traditional Chinese Medicine Constitution and Tongue Manifestation: A Study Based on Literature and Expert Consultation

Objective To construct an entry pool for tongue manifestation in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) constitution, and to investigate its contribution in constitution identification. Methods Existing articles were analyzed to obtain the tongue manifestation of TCM constitution and construct an entry pool, and Delphi expert consultation was conducted to form the expert consensus. Results A total of 22 articles were used to construct an entry pool of 104 tongue manifestations for 9 TCM constitutions. On this basis, experts determined the score of the importance of each tongue manifestation in TCM constitution identification, forming 20 expert consensus entries for 7 constitutions. The mean score of overall evaluation was 8.13 points, with blood stasis constitution (8.76 points), phlegm-dampness constitution (8.53 points), damp-heat constitution (8.42 points), and Yin-deficiency constitution (8.39 points) showing a relatively high degree of contribution. Conclusion Different constitutions have different tongue manifestations, which have certain guiding significance in constitution identification. However, it is challenging to differentiate constitution types through tongue manifestations alone.