问题图式获得理论及其在教学中的应用

问题图式是能在问题解决过程中起核心作用的大的知识单元,它使我们对问题解决表征机制的认识更为深刻.在阐述问题图式获得机制方面,研究者提出了结构映射理论和语用图式理论,同时发现类比问题解决和样例学习是获得问题图式的两条有效途径.因此,要想在教学中有效地促进学生问题图式的获得,就要增加学生类比问题解决和样例学习的机会,比如提倡图式图教学;在样例教学初期,给予学生适当的线索提示;迁移教学中增加源问题类比物的数量等.

The Theory of Problem Schema Acquisition and Its Application in Instruction

Problem schema is a big knowledge structure,which can play a key role in problem solving.It enables us have a deep understanding about the mechanism of representation of problem solving.About the mechanism of problem schema acquisition,researchers put forward Structure Mapping Theory and Pragmatic Schema Theory.Moreover,they found that analogy problem solving and example learning were two effective ways to acquire problem schema.Therefore,if teachers hope to efficiently promote students' problem schema acquisition,they should create more chances for students to expose to analogy problem solving and examplar learning,such as: advocating schema map instruction;providing proper cues for students at the beginning of sample inhstruction;adding the number of source problems in transfer instruction.