德国国际私法关于识别的理论和司法实践研究

德国国际私法认为,识别源于对冲突规范所使用之“体系概念”的解释,发生识别冲突的原因在于内、外国实体法存在体系差异,内国实体法体系中存在漏洞,内国实体法和国际私法之间存在体系差异。在识别冲突的解决上,存在法院地说、准据法说和独立识别说等三种主要理论。在德国国际私法的司法实践中,法院地说占据主导地位,但法院在一定程度上也采纳独立识别说,作为法院地说的必要补充。采用独立识别说时,法院一方面要对冲突规范中的体系概念进行广义解释,突破其在内国法律体系中的内涵范围,兼容外国法的相关制度;另一方面要从法律体系、文化背景等方面对外国法制度进行比较法分析,以确定其功能和目的。如果能够确认该外国制度和内国某一体系概念在目的和功能上具有对应性,就可以将该外国制度纳入该概念,从而拓展冲突规范的适用范围,否则就必须发展新的冲突规范加以应对。

On the Theory and Judicial Practice Towards the Qualification Problem in Germany

According to the mainstream view in Germany, the qualification in the international private law relates to the interpretation of the ＂system concept （Systembegriff）＂ in the conflict rules. The Qualification problem arises from the difference between the domestic law and foreign law, the difference between the domestic substantive law and conflict law and the strange legal insti- tution in foreign law. Three theories are developed to solve the qualification problem. The germane courts take lex fori as the principle, which is supplemented cated case. In the autonomic theory, the court must enlarge by the autonomic theory in the compli- the application scope of the system-con- cept in the conflict rules on the one hand, and interpret the foreign legal institution according to its cultural background and social function on the other hand. In this way, the foreign legal institution is to be classified into a proper system concept in the domestic conflict rules.