论密尔对功利主义的证明

密尔对功利主义的证明可以分以下几个步骤：首先他探讨伦理学和科学的区分，说明功利主义不可能有科学的证明；其次他探讨伦理学方法，对直觉主义伦理学和归纳主义伦理学进行分析，说明功利主义在什么意义上是可以证明的；再次，对功利主义予以证明。他首先假设人的认知机能和意欲机能是可以统一起来的，然后再从三个方面进行证明：(1)从“可见的到可欲求的”证明；(2)从个人幸福到公共幸福的证明；(3)只有幸福是值得欲求的，其他一切或是幸福的组成部分，或是达到幸福的手段。最后，对最大多数人的最大幸福予以证明。

Mill''''s Proof of Utilitarianism

Mill's proof of Utilitarianism consists of the following steps. First, he explores the division of ethics and science, stating that it is impossible to give scientific evidence to prove Utilitarianism. Then, he discusses the approaches of ethics and analyses the intuitionist and inductive ethics, showing in what sense Utilitarianism can be proved. Next, he proves Utilitarianism by first supposing that human's cognitive function and desire function can be integrated and then demonstrating this point from three aspects: first, visibility may lead to desirability; second, individual happiness may evolve into common happiness; and third, only happiness deserves to be desired while all the others are either parts of or means to acquire happiness. Finally, he demonstrates the utmost happiness for the majority of people.