美国专利蟑螂的新近立法评析及其启示

专利蟑螂已经成为美国专利制度中一个十分严峻的问题,美国政府不断出台专利法修订草案和政策,意图遏制专利蟑螂,并取得了不错的成效。然而,从近期美国参众两院提交的诸项法案来看,尽管存在分歧,但其整体立场已经发生明显转变,倾向于优待专利蟑螂。由此,以设立双方复审程序、提高禁令颁发标准以及限制司法管辖为代表的诸多重要专利司法改革成果,都将可能遭到弱化。结合美国的经验教训,我国应当尽早认识专利蟑螂并着手应对,从考察开放许可专利实施情况、增加"权利人商业模式"作为判赔考量因素、细化司法管辖规则、完善专利无效制度以及构建全面打击专利假冒行为制度等多个维度,预防和遏制专利蟑螂。

Recent U.S.Legislations on Patent Troll:Commentary and Implications

Patent troll has become a serious problem in the U.S.patent system.To curb the problem,the Obama administration put forth a series of amendments to patent law and policy and achieved fairly good results.However,the recent legislative bills proposed by both the House and Senate indicates that despite certain divergences,the basic standpoint has changed to give leniency to patent trolls,whereby many important patent judicial reform achievements as represented by inter partes review,heightened standard of issuing injunction,and restriction on jurisdiction selection might be undermined.Drawing lessons from the U.S.experiences,the paper suggests that China should prevent and restrain patent troll problems by taking measures from various dimension,such as inspecting the enforcement of open license patents,making"right holder’s business model"as a new factor for calculating compensation,refining the rules for jurisdiction,improving patent invalidation system,and constructing a comprehensive mechanism to fight against patent forgery.