刍议《联合国国际货物销售合同公约》中货物风险

在《联合国国际货物销售合同公约》中货物风险是核心法律问题之一 ,也是理论界与实践中对其理解充满争议的问题。在销售公约中风险的含义为价金风险 ,而没有采纳广义的风险含义。属于风险范围的事件是不可抗力 ,不包括意外事件和当事人不能预见的第三人过错 ,实践中当事人可以通过约定免责事由的方式来规避己方风险 ,但该约定不得违反相关法律。对于风险移转的时点 ,在销售公约中适用将交付行为与所有权移转分离 ,以交付行为时点作为风险移转的时点原则。

On the Matter of Risks of Goods under the Convention on Contract International Sale of Goods

Risk control is one of the key problems concerning international sale of goods. The term risk is defined as the price instead of the risk in general meaning, in the Convention on Contract International Sale of Goods. Force Majeure, not including accidents and unexpected fault of third party, can be defined as a risk. In practice, the Parties can keep themselves from risks by stipulations of liability exemption, which shall not contradict to relevant laws concerning the times point of risk transfer, the convention regulates that the time point of delivery shall be deemed the point of risk transfer.