论以普遍意志为根本的权利观

权利观是任何法律思维都无法摆脱的根本构思。权利观的核心是权利的本质。围绕“意思”范畴展开的权利意志论，与以利益作为权利的本质的学说，更能突出权利所应具有的主体性、普遍性及防御性。权利的主体性体现在主体对客体的排他性支配以及主体之间的平等；权利的普遍性则说明权利应当来自普遍意志并以形式理性表现；而权利的防御性则反映出从权利意志论的角度最有助于防范公权力对于权利的干预。以普遍意志为根本的权利观就不仅于民法学具有意义，更于中国法制的进步具有深远意义。

The View of Right Essentially Rooted in Universal Will

The view of right shall be the basic conception that any legal thinking shall have.The essence of the right shall be the core of the view of the right.Compared with the theory which is said that benefit shall be the essence of the right,the theory of the will to right which is about will can reflect the subjectivity,universality and defensive of the right much better.The subjectivity of the right reflected in following aspects: The subject shall have exclusive dominance upon object and the equality between subjects.The universality of right means that rights shall come from universal will and reflected in rational way.And the defensiveness of the right reflected that ’the theory of the will to right’ shall be the best way to prevent public authority from intervening the right.The right which its essence is universal will do not only have significance in civil law,but also have profound significance in advancement of Chinese legal system.