构建我国农村社会保障体系的立法思考

我国农村社会保障立法应坚持以下基本原则:法律(政策)的制定和适用城乡分立;以传统保障机制为依托;统筹层次逐步提高;以救济性保障为基础;保障水平与社会经济发展水平相适应。农村社会保障体系可主要包括以下基本项目:医疗保障;灾害救济;"五保"供养;最低生活保障;职业培训保障;特殊群体养老保险。农村社会保障应选择现收现付筹资模式;基金主要由财政拨款、农村集体资源收益、村民缴费、慈善捐赠等构成。农村社会保障应采取统筹领导分别管理的管理体制,具体事务可由相应的经办机构负责;可选择农业银行作为农村社会保障基金托管人,符合条件并取得社会保障基金投资管理资格的金融机构可作为农村社会保障基金投资管理人,而农村信用合作社、符合条件的医院、取得资格的职业培训教育机构可以作为农村社会保障待遇的发放和提供机构。

Legislation of Social Security in China's Rural Areas:In the Perspective of Both Rural and Urban Development

While making social security laws for China's rural areas,principles should be held such as separating laws(policies) made for and applied to rural areas from those for and to urban areas;underlining traditional protection;improving coordination of rural and urban areas;stressing remedial protection;and balancing social security and economic development.Social security for rural areas may include medical insurance,calamity relief,allowance for support of five sorts of specific persons,subsides for minimum l...