非正式行政行为的内涵——基于比较法视角的初步展开

非正式行政行为的概念在我国学术界有被混淆和误用的现象,迫切需要比较法意义上的澄清。在对抗主义程序观盛行的关国,对抗性要素是否充分,是界分行为正式与非正式的基准;受形式法治主义观影响,日本采取"是否超越立法授权"的分析路径;受法效意思和行为形式论影响的德国,倾向于用"欠缺法律形式"来界定非正式行政行为的内涵。了解其不同内涵旨趣和形成机理,对我国的概念建构和展开这一新型课题的研究具有一定的启发意义。

The Connotation of Informal Administrative Act

The concept of informal administrative act,which is often confused and misunderstood in Chinese academic circle,urgently need to be clarified in comparative law perspective.In USA,adversary system prevails in procedure,thus the adequate of adversary elements is the basic standard to differentiate formal acts from informal ones.Under the influence of legal formalism,Japan defines the formal and informal acts in accordance with the scope of legal authorization.In Germany,informal administrative act is thought to be lack in legal forms.Realizing the different connotations and formation mechanisms is the first step for our construction of the concept and development of the research of this new area.