论海洋生态损害之国家索赔的实现路径

海洋生态损害是人类活动对海洋生态系统功能等造成了难以恢复或不可逆转的损害。在实体法上,中国环境保护法律制度对生态利益实体权利规定不足;在程序法上,公益诉讼相关规定有所缺失。法律上的缺陷使得传统环境侵权法很难解决海洋生态损害问题。海洋生态损害索赔的权利来源有两种设定：一是物权路径,即私法想象,国家作为民事主体;二是管理权路径,即公共管理想象,国家机器作为公共管理的主体,代表社会公众或道德意义上的人类社会利益。

Discussion of right of claim by state regarding marine ecological damage

Marine ecological damage is the legal fact that irretrievable and irrecoverable damage is caused by human behavior to the functions of marine ecosystem.Under the current legal scheme in China,there exist the problems of the lack of provisions concerning substantive rights of ecological rights and the absence of relevant provisions of public interest litigation.It is therefore very difficult for traditional environmental tort law to solve issues concerning damage to marine ecology.The right of claim by state regarding marine ecological damage stems from two different ways.One is property path and the state acts as civil body;the other is management path and the state acts as the main body of public administration on behalf of the interests of the public or human society.