刑事诉讼制度的地方性试点改革

地方司法机关围绕刑事诉讼制度进行的试点改革,其兴起并趋于活跃不是偶然的,而是中国特有的刑事司法环境所形塑出来的多种因素与多重机制综合作用的结果。由于这些试点改革由地方司法机关主导,所以,它们在具体的实施中表现出了一些体现中国司法管理与司法制度的运行特点。实践中各种类型的试点改革共享类似的制度逻辑,具有共通的内在特质。它们最大的价值在于可以充当全国层面刑事诉讼制度改革的"实验室",为刑事诉讼立法提供实证依据与经验素材。作为一种高度技术化的法律改革活动,地方司法机关的试点改革存在诸多必须为我们所正视的技术缺陷。未来应该突破价值论的意识形态藩篱,采取有针对性的弥补措施,促进地方司法机关试点改革的发展。

Local Pilot Reforms on the Criminal Procedure System

In recent years, local judicial organs in China have been very enthusiastic about pilot reform on the criminal procedure system. There are mainly three motive forces behind such reforms: insufficient supply of effective institution, strong incentives for career accomplishment, and desire to rebuild the credibility of the criminal justice system. These pilot reforms are also promoted by such supportive factors as the imperfection of the Criminal Procedure Law itself, the increased independence and autonomy of local judicial organs, and the historical background of the political "correctness" and legitimacy of judicial reform. Whether aimed at improving the existing system or creating new systems, these reforms have some common inherent characteristics and embody the unique features of the operation of the judicial administration system as well as of the judicial system in China. Their greatest value is to serve as a "laboratory" for a national-level reform on the criminal procedure system. An analysis from the perspective of operational techniques reveals many problems in these local pilot reforms, such as the lack of standard rules for implementation, of scientific evaluation of results, of neutrality on the part of reform leaders, of ethical constraints, and of overall coordination and supervision. We should take a value-neutral stance towards these pilot reforms, recognize their value of promoting the transformation of the criminal procedure system while, at the same time, be aware of their problems at the level of operational techniques, and try to find appropriate solutions to these problems.