第三人撤销之诉原告适格的再考察

利用2012年民诉法实施以来司法实践中积累的相关裁判文书,区分起诉审查和实体审理两个程序阶段,可以对分别以裁定和判决就原告适格作出判断的若干第三人撤销之诉案例从法解释论的角度进行分析。经考察有独立请求权第三人和无独立请求权第三人这两类提起撤销之诉的第三人的多种情形,可看到此类案件实际上很可能间接地起到遏制虚假诉讼或不诚信诉讼行为的作用,且具有规范第三人参加诉讼制度的程序运用或增进为第三人提供的程序保障等其他方面的潜力。不过,在原告适格等诉讼要件的审查和一些相关的程序设计上,司法实务对第三人撤销之诉的运用仍有待于进一步的改进、完善,并需要继续获得理论上的支撑。

Rethinking the Qualification of Plaintiff in Third Party Opposition Procedure

Based on relevant judicial practice since the implementation of the new Civil Procedure Law in 2012 and by distinguishing between two procedural phases, i.e. the examination of prosecution and the trial of case, this article analyzes from legal hermeneutic perspective court orders and judgments on the qualification of plaintiff in cases relating third party opposition procedure. An examination of opposition proceedings initiated by various independent and dependent third parties shows that this procedure could play a role in indirectly preventing false litigations or dishonest actions, even has potential of improving the system of third party participation in action. However, further improvements still need to be made on, and continued theoretical support should be given to, the judicial practice of application of third party opposition procedure to the examination of various procedural requirements, including the qualifications of plaintiff, and the design of relevant procedures.