民事调解书的检察监督

对民事调解书进行检察监督是2012年民事诉讼法的新规定,也是我国检察机关的新任务。对调解书的监督与对判决、裁定的监督存在多方面的差异,只有充分认知和把握两者的区别,对民事调解书的检察监督才能顺利进行。民事诉讼法第208条中的"调解书",解释上应包括调解笔录、司法确认裁定书,但不包括仲裁调解书。对调解书的监督,应当采用依职权监督的方式。授权检察机关对损害国家利益、社会公共利益的调解书进行监督的规定属于法律中的一般性条款,检察机关正确实施监督的关键在于恰当界定调解书是否损害这两种利益。对国家利益、社会公共利益应当采用目的性扩张的解释方法,调解书违反法律的禁止性规定、严重违背社会公德、损害集体经济组织利益、损害社会弱势群体利益的,也应当视为损害国家利益、社会公共利益。损害案外人利益的虚假诉讼的调解书,也应成为监督的对象。适用民事诉讼法第208条时,还应注意国家利益与社会公共利益在一些情况下难以精确地界定和区分。

Procuratorial Supervision over Civil Mediation Awards

Bringing civil mediation awards under the supervision of procuratorial organs is the objective of a new provision in the 2012 Civil Procedure Law as well as a new task of Chinese procuratorial organs. Supervision over civil mediation awards differs in many ways from supervision over judicial judgments and verdicts and a full understanding of these differences is the basis of such supervision. The "civil mediation awards" provided in Article 208 of Civil Procedure Law covers several types of documents, including mediation record, judicial confirmation verdict, etc. However, arbitration awards do not fall within the scope of supervision provided in this article. Supervision over civil mediation awards should take the form of ex officio supervision. A provision on procuratorial organs'' power to supervise over civil mediation awards that harm state or public interests is a general provision of law, and the key to the exercise of such supervision power is to properly determine whether an award has damaged either of these interests. When interpreting the implications of state or public interests, the method of purpose expansion should be employed. A civil mediation award should be regarded as damaging to state or public interests if it violates a prohibitive provision of law, seriously breaches social morality, damages the interests of a collective economic organ, or harms the interests of a disadvantaged group of society. In addition, a civil mediation award of fraudulent civil litigation that damages a third party''s interest should also be subject to procuratorial supervision. When applying Article 208 of the Civil Procedure Law, we should also keep in mind that under some circumstances it is difficult to properly define state and public interests or to distinguish one from the other.