我国意定动产担保物权法的一元化

我国意定动产担保物权在立法上分类为动产抵押权、动产质权和权利质权;在此基础上,立法又分别规定各类意定动产担保物权的"定义、担保物、担保物权的设定、公示、效力、顺位、实现和消灭"等。意定动产担保物权分类的结构模式易于导致立法者对全局性制度的疏忽或遗漏,在此基础上,对各类意定动产担保物权的分别规定又可诱发制度之间的重复、不协调甚而冲突或矛盾。实证考察可以发现,我国意定动产担保物权法制在以上两个方面均存在重大缺陷,这些缺陷的现实存在佐证了以上学理认知。解决问题的近期措施是加强司法解释工作,以解司法亟需;远期目标则是制定一元的意定动产担保物权法,以替代现有的多元的意定动产担保物权法。以此,我国意定动产担保物权法制得以现代化。

Unifying Law on Appointed Right in Rem for Security on Moveables in China

Chinese legislation classifies appointed right in rem for security on moveables into chattel mortgages, pledge of movables, and pledge of rights and, on the basis of such classification, provides for the "definition, security, creation, public notification, effect, priority, realization and elimination of security" for each one of them. The structure of this classification mode can easily lead to the neglecting or omission by legislators of the overall system, and the separate stipulations on different types of appointed right in rem for security may lead to repetition, discordance and conflicts between different systems. Empirical study shows that the Chinese system of appointed right in rem for security on moveables has major defects in both of the above-mentioned two aspects and the actual existence of these defects provides support to the above-mentioned theoretical propositions. The short-term solution to this problem is to strengthen the judicial interpretation of legislation, so as to meet the urgent need of judicial practice. The long-term solution is to adopt a unified law on appointed right in rem for security on moveables to replace the existing pluralistic law, so as to modernize the system of appointed right in rem for security in China.