解困行政审批改革的新路径

新一轮如火如荼开展的行政审批改革,并没有呈现出摆脱运动化、形式化痼疾的明显迹象,行政审批边减边增、明减暗增问题依然严重。行政许可法集中收拢设定权、加强公众参与、提供自由主义标准以及明确事后跟踪评价等规制方案,无力使行政审批改革脱困于结构性制约。克服困境的思路之一,是关注行政体系和过程内部的结构设计,以及这种内部结构嵌入外部结构的整个系统,通过专门的行政改革委员会、开放的研究计划和议程设置、公众和专家充分参与的民主商议、年度和专题的行政改革研究报告以及试验改革的授权制度等机制,使行政审批改革常态化、持续化、规范化。

A New Approach to Overcome the Difficulties in the Reform of the Administrative Approval System

A new round of reform on administrative approval (i.e. administrative licensing) system has been in full swing again since 2010. However, this round of reform has not yet shown any obvious sign of breaking itself from the existing pattern of tidal movement and formalism: the practice of ostentatiously reducing but secretly increasing items of administrative approval is still prevalent. The 2003 Administrative Licensing Law has failed to free the reform of administrative approval system from structural constraints. A new approach to overcome the difficulties faced by the reform is to introduce the concept of administrative constitutionalism that focuses on the structural reformation within the administrative system and process as well as on the entire constitutional system, into which the internal structure is embedded, and to establish such mechanisms as ad hoc administrative reform committee, open research plan and agenda-setting, democratic deliberation with full participation by the public and relevant experts, annual and special administrative reform reports and the authorization mechanisms for pilot reform, so as to normalize and standardize the reform of the administrative approval system.