两岸物权法草案最高额抵押权法制之比较研究

物权法定原则(numerus clauses)是德国物权法的重要基础,然而为因应社会经济变迁及需求,完全贯彻该项法律原则,将有限制物权发展、交易自由之虞,并会造成与社会经济生活严重脱节、难以贯彻民法上意思自治原则等疑虑。尤其是商业环境下经常从事继续性交易的企业组织,为因应经营规模扩大、国际化及多角化经营,部分公司选择向银行设定最高额抵押以举借中长期借款作为其最适融资决策。同时,东亚各国也将最高额抵押权法制化(legislation of maximum mortgage right)列为其物权法的修正重点。因此,本文首先从法律原理及商业习惯等两个面向,指出最高额抵押权法制化的主要缘由;其次,本文归纳最高额抵押权的法律特性,厘清最高额抵押权与担保物权一般特性的差异,并提出担保物权从属性相对化的发展趋势;再者,在两岸物权法竞相修订之际,详细介绍两岸物权法草案最高额抵押权法制的规范内涵,并采取比较法分析两岸物权法草案;最后,本文建议大陆物权法草案最高额抵押权法制,应朝向有利融资创新活动加以设计。

Comparative Analysis of Maximum Mortgage Right Legal System of Property Law Draft in the Mainland China and Taiwan

With the basis of property law in Germany,numerus clau- ses,the development of property right and the freedom of transaction may be probably restricted,the economy in local society will be serious disar- ticulation and the principle of intention expression governance was hard to put into effect.Above all,some corporate-type enterprise conducting con- tinual transaction will make optimal choice to borrow medium/long-term capital from banks or other financial institutions.So east Asian countries regarded the legislation of maximum mortgage right as the focus of prop- erty law amendment. In accordance with fore-mentioned illustration,this article was divid- ed into five parts.At first,this article pointed out the importance of the legal design of maximum mortgage right from the dimensions of legal prin- ciple and business practice.The second part of this article generalized the main characters concerning maximum mortgage right and clarified the difference between collateral property right and maximum mortgage right. At the same time,we indicated relativistic trend of the dependency of col- lateral property right.In the act of legislating or amending the property law in Cross-Strait Areas,part three introduced in detail the legal system of maximum mortgage right in the Mainland China and Taiwan.Part four compared with each other to analyze and made comments on maximum mortgage part of the Mainland China's property law draft.Finally,this ar- ticle summarized to be a conclusion and expected the legal system of maxi- mum mortgage right in the Mainland China and Taiwan to be helpful to fi- nancial innovation and also to be a model code among other countries.