美国法院建立调解制度的历史尝试

上个世纪70年代中期美国的三个法院启动了建立调解制度的尝试。试验性的法院调解制度仅仅适用于民事案件。凡符合法院调解管辖前提的申诉会被很快送往调解委员会。调解委员会经过非正式的取证,最后作出裁决。如一方或双方当事人不服裁决,则启动正式的司法程序。之前的调解和裁决均归于无效。美国联邦和各州的宪法都载入当事人寻求公正司法救济的权利。若当事方对调解结果没有正式提出任何异议,调解员作出的裁决具有法律拘束力。

A Historical Try of American Court to Establishing the System of Mediation

Middle 70th of the last century three courts in USA tried to establish the ADR system.The Pilot-Project was applicable only for civil cases.All appeals that accorded with the mediate precondition should be directly sent to the Peace Commission.The mediator has to make decision after collecting evidence.If one or both parties are not satisfied with the decision,the formal judicial process would be started and the mediation before must be no avail.The right of the citizen for fair judicial remedies is already written in the US-Constitution and the Constitutions of all American States.If there are no objections from the parties,the decision made by the mediator will be equally authentic as a judicial judgment.