反本质主义语境下的后现代主义

实用主义对本质主义的批判,揭开了哲学上后现代性取代现代性的序幕.海德格尔既反对本质主义又反对实用主义.他关于实用主义与本质主义之间具有深层关联的观点,成为后现代哲学家激进批判现代性的理论起点.利奥塔通过对科学知识与叙事知识两个不同方面的拆解,成功点破了本质主义成为现代人生活的一种普遍模式的奥秘.福柯则揭示出,在现代性条件下,文本和权力关系怎样通过话语对社会和它的文化生产行使着一种有效的控制.德里达把文本看作是与外在权力无关的东西,既表明了他与福柯之间的重大分歧,也推进了海德格尔对本质主义的批判,同时还把哲学拓展到文学领域.本文试图在所有这些方面建立起联系,并且把追溯的源头引向古希腊哲学的理论特质.

Post-modernism under the Background of Anti- essentialism

The pragmatist criticism of essentialism triggered the campaign that post-modernity replaced modernity in philos- ophy.Heidegger opposed both pragmatism and essentialism.His view that there is a deep relationship between pragmatism and essentialism became a theoretical origin of which post-modern philosophers radically criticized the modernity.By cate- gorizing knowledge as scientific knowledge and narrative knowledge,Lyotard unveiled the mystery that essentialism became a universal mode of modern people life.Foucault pointed out,under the condition of modernity,how the relationship between text and power effectively controls society and its culturalproduction through discourse.Derrida's view that text is irrelevant to outside power not only indicated the significant difference between him and Foucault,but also propelled Heidegger's criti- cism of essentialism.At the same time,it also expanded philosophy into literature.This paper attempts to establish the rela- tionship among all above-mentioned aspects and traces back to the theoretical characteristics of ancient Greek philosophy.