审判阶段补充侦查制度反思与改革

以审判为中心的刑事诉讼制度改革是一项精细化的系统工程,任何一项具体制度的改革完善都有着“牵一发而动全身”的效果。补充侦查的目的在于弥补前期侦查疏漏,完善案件事实和证据。法庭审判阶段补充侦查是程序倒流的典型样态,导致侦查行为与审判程序交错,渲染了侦查中心主义色彩,与程序安定、程序构造、公正审判等诉讼原理冲突,缺乏理论证成。实践中,这一制度呈现功能异化倾向,成为延长诉讼期限、规避控诉风险和终结诉讼程序的变通之策,背离立法初衷。从长远来看,宜于废止法庭审判阶段的补充侦查,同时建立健全检察引导侦查、公诉审查、撤回起诉、司法业务考评等配套制度,以契合审判中心之要求和庭审实质化之价值。

Reconsideration and Reform of the Supplementary Investigation System in Trail

The reform of trial-centered litigation is a fine systematic project. The improvement of any specific system plays the role of “pulling one hair and leading the whole body”. The purpose of supplementary investigation in trial is to reinforce the early investigation and improve the facts and evidence of the case. Supplementary investigation in trial is a typical form of procedure backflow, which leads to the coexistence of investigation and trial, exaggerates the color of investigation centralism, and conflicts with procedural stability, procedural structure, fair trial and other litigation principles, lacking theoretical evidence. This system shows the tendency of functional alienation in practice, which has become an alternative policy to prolong the litigation period, avoid the prosecution risk and end the litigation procedure, and which deviates from the original intention of legislation. For long, it is appropriate to abolish the supplementary investigation in trial, establish and improve the supporting systems such as procuratorial guidance investigation, public prosecution review, withdrawal of prosecution and judicial work evaluation, so as to meet the trial-centered requirements and the value of substantiation of court trial.