“冒充公检法”诈骗中犯罪嫌疑人的身份建构：社会符号学视角

电信网络诈骗是一种非接触式犯罪，无论犯罪嫌疑人采用什么样的科技手段，主要的媒介是语言。社会符号学强调符号在社会行动和交际中的功能。犯罪嫌疑人调用相关话语资源与语言策略对身份进行选择与建构的动态过程，是符号在语境再构下的解释和再解释过程。在“冒充公检法”类诈骗中，犯罪嫌疑人运用语类模板中的话语资源编造虚假信息，构建虚拟语境，通过话语实践确立虚假身份，利用话语策略实现不同身份的多元转换。在话语交际过程中，犯罪嫌疑人一方面限制受话人对话语资源的权力与控制，另一方面拓展对话空间加强与受话人之间的协商与互动，将目标身份通过语言符号经由对方建构，在确立自身的“机构代表身份”和受话人的“违法者身份”后，达到获取受话人信任、骗取钱财的交际目的。

Discursive Identity Construction of Fraudsters in Impersonation Scam: A Sociosemiotic Perspective

As a remote non-contact crime, the basic medium of every scam is language. Impersonation scam discourse characterized by the communicative purpose of deceiving provides a “generic template” for the fraudsters to conduct illegal activities. The fraudsters use the discursive resources and discourse strategies to fabricate false information and constructs false identities through discursive practice, with the aim of achieving the communicative purpose of obtaining recipients' trust, tricking, deceiving and manipulating them into giving out confidential information and funds. In the discursive interaction, the fraudsters, on the one hand, control and contract the recipient's selection scope of discursive resources, and improve the negotiation and interaction with recipients by expanding the communication scope, on the other hand. Social semiotics focuses on the functions of signs in social action and interaction. The dynamic selection and construction of fraudsters' identity is the process of interpretation and re-interpretation of signs in the context reconstruction.