后疫情时代法院在线审理刑事案件之隐忧及纾解

“智慧法院”建设的倡导和新冠肺炎疫情防控的需要，推动法院在线审理刑事案件呈迅猛发展之势。但是在线审理存在冲击直接言词原则、减损司法的威仪、被告人辩护权保障不到位等问题。不仅加剧庭审的形式化，而且导致审理程序公正性和司法权威性的降低。在线审理刑事案件仅是线下物理空间审理的例外和补充，主要适用于速裁程序审理且被告人同意的案件和召开庭前会议以及证人、鉴定人在特殊情况下作证的环节，不能将线上审理常态化和普遍化。法院应尊重和保障被告人的程序选择权，法律援助全覆盖应“覆盖”至在线审理的案件，在线审理具有不同于线下审理的特点，应当建立相对独立的庭审规则。最高人民法院应尽快制定在线审理的技术规范，并将5G技术应用于在线审理。

Hidden Problems and Solutions in the Court Online Trial of Criminal Cases during the Epidemic Period

The advocacy of the construction of “smart court” and the need of prevention and control of the Covid-19 epidemic situation have promoted the rapid development of the court's online trial of criminal cases. However, there are some problems in online trial, such as impairing the principle of direct speech, undermining the dignity of justice, and insufficient protection of the defendant's right to defense. It not only aggravates the formalization of the trial, but also leads to the reduction of the fairness and judicial authority of the trial procedure. The online trial of criminal cases is only an exception and supplement to the offline physical space trial. The online trial is mainly applicable to the cases in the quick trial procedure and agreed by the defendant, the pre-trial meeting and the testimony of witnesses and experts under special circumstances, and cannot be normalized and generalized. The court should respect and protect the defendant's choice of procedure. Legal aid should cover all cases that should be tried online. The Supreme Court should formulate technical specifications for online trial and apply 5G technology in online trial as soon as possible.