我国慈善应急法制的理论反思与完善路径

我国现有慈善应急法制体系在突发事件中并未有效解决慈善应急活动的普遍违法、自由受限与效率低下等问题。究其原因，主要在于现行法律、法规与政策缺乏对慈善应急活动正当性、民间性与比较优势的充分考量。为此，应系统完善慈善应急法制中的放管服制度，最大限度释放慈善事业在突发事件应对中的发展潜力。尤其需要以放宽标准、降低门槛为基点，建构慈善应急免责机制；以保障自治、比例规制为核心，优化慈善应急管制机制；以行业培育、平台搭建为中心，重塑慈善应急协作机制。

Theoretical Re-examination and Institutional Improvement of the Charitable Emergent Activities Law in China

The current legal system governing charitable emergent activities in China does not effectively tackle illegality, limited freedom and inefficiency relating to charitable emergent activities. The main reasons lie in the insufficient consideration of their legitimacy, autonomy and comparative advantages in the current laws, regulations and policies. Therefore, it is necessary to systematically streamline administration, delegate powers, and improve regulation and services in the charitable emergent activities law so as to maximize the charity undertakings' potential in dealing with emergent events. In particular, the law should build the liability exemption mechanism of charitable activities by relaxing standards and lowering thresholds; optimize the emergent regulatory mechanism by protecting autonomy and ensuring a proportionate regulatory approach; and reshape the emergency cooperation mechanism by cultivating the industry organizations and building the related platforms.