冒名顶替入学的行政法规制与权利救济

冒名顶替入学行为严重侵犯了被顶替者的受教育权，应当予以必要的规制与救济。但是，受行为性质认定的影响，现有的规制手段和权利救济仍面临程序规制不足、高校审查职责不明、赔偿责任缺失以及重新入学难以实现等诸多困境。基于此，有必要对招生录取行为的性质重新予以界定。通过细致的比较可以确定，招生录取的性质应是一种附延缓条件的行政许可。因此，需按照行政许可的控权逻辑对冒名顶替入学问题予以规制和救济。在规制手段上，高校招生权力行使须坚持有限信息公开、重要事项参与等程序规则，同时明确高校在不同阶段的审查职责，从源头减少冒名顶替行为的发生。在权利救济上，应明晰不同侵权主体的赔偿责任，并通过对重新入学的分析，保障被顶替者的受教育权。

Administrative Law and Right Relief on the Problem of the Imposter Enrollment

The behavior of imposter enrollment seriously infringes the right to education of the replaced, so it should be regulated and relieved. However, affected by the identification of behavior nature, the existing regulatory means and right relief still have the problems of insufficient procedural regulation, unclear review responsibilities of colleges and universities, lack of compensation liability and difficulty in realizing re-enrollment. Based on this, it is necessary to redefine the nature of enrollment behavior. Through careful comparison, it can be determined that the enrollment is neither a civil contract act nor an administrative agreement, but an administrative license with delay conditions. Therefore, it is necessary to regulate the problem of imposter enrollment according to the control logic of administrative license. In terms of regulatory means, the exercise of college enrollment power must adhere to the procedural rules such as limited information disclosure and participation in important matters, and clarify the review responsibilities of colleges and universities at different stages, so as to reduce the occurrence of imposture from the source. In terms of right relief, the compensation liability of different tort subjects should be clarified, and the displaced persons right to education should be guaranteed through the analysis of re-enrollment.