制度、政策与效能:国家治理探源——兼论中国制度优势及效能转化

中共十九届四中全会《决定》为中国政治学提出了新议题:如何理解制度优势、制度供给与治理效能的关系、如何把制度优势转化为治理效能。讨论上述议题,需要探究国家治理效能的来源。在当今国际体系中,国家作为一个共同体,其运行状况和竞争实力取决于两方面的表现:一是发展水平,二是治理能力。这也就是说,发展和治理是国家的双重任务和追求。无论谋发展,还是求治理,国家运转需要有制度支撑,也需要有政策支持,因此,制度供给和政策供给二者互动状况决定着国家治理的绩效。良好的制度要配套良好的政策才能产生良好的效能,中国发展绩效实则就是制度效应与政策效应相结合的结果。中国在实现发展中国家所追求的主要目标方面,尤其是在40多年改革开放政策推动下,显示了良好的绩效。主要资源国家所有和多种所有制下不同经济主体市场化竞争的经济制度、中国共产党全面领导的制度体系、单一制中央集权的行政体制,这三项制度的综合效应支持了中国高效快速的发展,也为中国治理优势的展现提供了保障。今后,中国共产党应继续凭借集中性、协调性、持续性、高效性的制度优势,通过改革创新,集中力量解决人民关切的问题,并通过对现实问题的逐一解决最终实现制度的成熟固化。

Institutions,Policies and Effectiveness as the Source of National Governance--in the Context of China's System Advantages and Efficiency Transformation

The decision of the Fourth Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee raises new questions for Chinese politics:how to understand the advantages of the system?What is the relationship between institution supply and governance effectiveness?How to turn the advantages of the system into the effectiveness of governance?To answer the above questions,we need to explore the sources of the effectiveness of national governance.In today's international system,the state as a community depends on the performance of two aspects:one is the level of development,and the other is the ability to govern.This means that development and governance are the dual tasks and pursuits of the country.Regardless of seeking development or seeking governance,state operation requires both institutional support and policy support.Therefore,the interaction between institution supply and policy supply determines the performance of national governance.A good institution must be accompanied by good policies in order to produce good results.In fact,China's development performance is the result of a combination of institutional and policy effects.China has shown good performance in achieving the main goals pursued by developing countries,especially under the policy of reform and opening up in the past 40 years.The economic system of state ownership of major resources and market-oriented competition among different economic entities under multiple ownerships,the political system under the overall leadership of the Chinese Communist Party,and the centralized administrative system under a single system,the combined effects of which have supported China's efficient and rapid development,and also provided a guarantee for China's governance advantages.In the future,the Chinese ruling party should continue to rely on the advantages of centralized,coordinated,sustainable,and efficient systems,focus on solving people's concerns through reform and innovation,and finally realize the maturity and solidification of the institution by solving real problems one by one.