政党代表性危机与西方国家民粹主义的兴起

西方国家民粹主义的兴起,是代表性危机的结果。从政党政治的角度,主流政党疏离社会、融入国家,由代表组织转变为统治机构,导致政治回应性的弱化。主流政党代表功能的萎缩,促使社会成员转向民粹主义的替代模式。为了控制政策议程,民粹主义政党仍然需要遵循选举政治的逻辑。民粹主义固然挑战了主流的民主模式,但它同样可以在调整国家与社会关系的基础上重构政党体制,扩展政治代表的渠道。只有客观地分析国家、社会与政党在代表性建构中的互动机制,才能准确地认识民粹主义的社会基础及其发展趋势。

Crisis of Party Representativeness and the Rise of Populism in Western Countries

The rise of populism in western countries is the result of representation crisis. From the perspective of party politics, mainstream parties alienate from the society and integrate into the state, transforming from representative organization to governing agency, which leads to the weakening of political responsiveness. The decline of mainstream parties' representative function has prompted social members to turn to populist alternatives. To control the policy agenda, populist parties still need to follow the logic of electoral politics. Although populists challenge the mainstream democratic model, it can also reconstruct the party system and expand the channels of political representation on the basis of adjusting the relationship between state and society. Only by objectively analyzing the interaction mechanism among state, society and political parties in the construction of representativeness, can we accurately understand the social foundation and development trend of populism.