社会治理共同体及其实现机制

中共十九届四中全会提出“建设人人有责、人人尽责、人人享有的社会治理共同体”。共同体的观念起源于古典时期,建立在义务本位的基础上。现代共同体是建立在美国早期新自由主义以及当代社群主义基础上的概念,当前全球“社区复兴运动”与之一脉相承。“人人有责、人人尽责、人人享有”是一个整体,人人有责、人人尽责是建设社会治理共同体的路径,人人享有既体现了与责任、义务相对应的权利,更要求为人人有责、人人尽责提供激励机制。孟加拉国格莱珉小额信贷模式、浙江桐乡“三治信农贷”、浙江温岭民主恳谈会和参与式预算等三个案例表明,人人有责、人人尽责的激励制度必须以特定共同体的政治与文化背景为前提;政府是重要的制度供给主体,但制度执行必然要求获得多元主体协同;制度可持续的关键在于所有主体利益相容且在制度框架下实现共赢。

Social Governance Community and Its Implementation Institutions Design

The Fourth Plenary Session of the 19 th CPC Central Committee puts forward to build a social governance community by which everyone is responsible and takes their duties and shares in the benefits. The concept of community originated from the classical period and was based on the obligation standard. Modern community based on T?nnies, early American Neoliberalism and contemporary Communitarianism, and the current global “community revival movement” can be traced to the same origin. The concept of everyone is responsible, taking their duties and sharing the benefits is a whole. Everyone's participation is the way to build a social governance community, and the benefits sharing is the rights and incentive mechanism for citizen. Three cases, Grameen Bank model, Tongxiang's new agricultural credit loan, Wenling's deliberative democracy and participatory budget show that the incentive mechanism must be based on the political and cultural background of specific community. Government is an important institutions planner and provider, but the institutions implementation requires the coordination of multiple participants. The key to the sustainability of institutions lies in the interests compatible and achieves win-win strong incentives of all participants.