精神损害赔偿之利益衡量视域——以我国侵权责任法的制度设计为视角

我国《侵权责任法》已经吸纳了精神损害赔偿制度。于制度设计的视野审视,精神损害赔偿之规范安排应当坚持利益衡量的制度进路,在对受害人实施法律救济与保障行为人的行动自由之间,寻求和给定规范路径,在利益冲突的格局中实现各个利益主体之间的利益平衡,实现个案中的实质正义。同时,精神利益的保护是精神损害赔偿的立法着眼点,对精神利益的界定与衡量是精神损害赔偿制度设计的基本价值取向之一。于利益衡量的视域中,即将实施的《侵权责任法》在精神损害赔偿的制度安排上尚存需要完善的空间,需要从利益衡量的角度给予讨论。

Study on the Benefit Balance in Compensation for Mental Injury: From the Perspective of the Institutional Design of the Tort Liability Law

Compensation for mental injury has already been adopted by the Tort Liability Law of PRC. From the perspective of institutional design, prescribing compensation for mental injury shall insist on the sys- tem of benefit-balance, find a proper way to protect the benefit of both parties in the conflict, namely, carrying legal aid into execution for the victim and safeguarding doers＇ s freedom, and eventually realize justice. The key to compensation for mental injury is to protect the victim＇ s mental health, therefore, defining and measur- ing mental health is foundation of the institutional design of compensation for mental injury. The Tort Liability Law to be issued still need to be perfected, and benefit-balance shall also be taken into consideration.