论医疗注意义务与医疗过失的认定

无论基于医疗契约还是医疗侵权关系，医疗过失的认定标准、考量因素、考察范围都趋于一致。应确定相对客观的医疗过失判定标准，在具体考量时还应兼顾医疗水准等诸多主客观因素。应立足于医院作为医疗损害赔偿责任的“一元”主体，分别从医疗行为和医疗辅助行为去查找医疗过失。审判实务中对医疗过失的认定过分依赖鉴定的流弊应当予以矫正，而应将医疗过失的认定权回归法庭，并辅之以组建专业审判庭、引入专家证人制度作为法庭认定医疗过失的专业保障。

Medical Duty of Care and Medical Determination of Negligence

Whether based on medical contract or medical infringement,the determination standard of medical malpractice should be conformed to the inspecting factors and scope.A relatively objective determination standard of medical malpractice should be defined and some subjective and objective factors such as medical levels should be considered.The hospital should be the only subject responsible for the medical infringement compensation,and the medical malpractice should be inspected from the medical behavior and medical assistant behavior.In judicial practice,such defects as determination of medical malpractice relying too much on testimony should be adjusted,and the determination right should return to the courts.In order to provide the courts with professional security to determine medical malpractice,a special court should be set up and the expert witness system should be introduced.