论荀子的“德育哲学”——兼论荀子性恶论中的“公义”优先思想

在儒家思想史上,荀子主张性恶,常被视为儒家异端.但事实上,荀子的思想和以思孟为代表的儒家思想的关系表现的是儒家内部的辩证对话关系.从荀子性恶论的深层含义看,荀子的思想一是突显了儒家的"功利主义",一是突显了制度层面的"公义"优先思想.就后者而言,它与孔子、思孟包括宋明新儒家从个人的道德本心出发来思考问题的思想进路明显不同,它们事实上构成了儒家内部的康德和黑格尔式的对话.具体落实到教育观念上,荀子的立论与思孟等相比同样显示出了差异:荀子强调的是"礼义法度"的制度性他律和强制,强调的是君、师、友和外在环境的决定地位;孔子、思孟等强调的是道德的自觉和启发.但尽管有如许差异,就德育本身而言,荀子同样承诺了德育的某种本体地位,并提供了一套完整的"德育哲学".

Xunzi's Philosophy of Moral Education:The Prioritization of Justice in His Theory of Evil Human Nature

Xunzi held that human nature is evil,thus being often considered to be heterodox in the history of Confucianism.However,the relationship between Xunzi's thoughts and the orthodox Confucianism represented by Zisi and Mencius is actually a dialectical dialogue inside Confucianism.In light of the deep implications in his theory of evil human nature,Xunzi's thoughts on the one hand give priority to Confucian utilitarianism,and on the other highlight the ideology of prioritizing justice in terms of institutional...