《公民权利和政治权利国际公约》的实施机制

《公民权利和政治权利国际公约》实施机制的基础是条约义务。从国际层面上讲 ,实施机制的目的是监督《公约》在缔约国的执行 ;从国内层面上讲 ,缔约国应采取立法、司法等措施履行《公约》。这就要求缔约国在“条约必须信守”的原则之下 ,解决条约与国内法的关系问题 ,即在宪法中给条约以适当地位 ,以便于条约 (包括《公约》)在国内的适用 ,而不论是直接或是间接适用。这样才能达到国际社会制定《公约》而国家批准或加入《公约》的目的 ,也才可能改变《公约》实施机制软弱乏力的局面。

The Enforcement Machanism of the International Covenant on Civil and Political rights

The basis of the implementing mechanism of International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights is the treaty''s obligations. At the international level, the objective of the implementing mechanism lies in supervising the enforcement of the Covenant is state parties. At the domestic level, state parties shall take legislative, judicial measures to implement the Covenant. Therefore, State parties, under pacta runt servanda, are required to resolve the issue on relations between international treaties and domestic law.That is to say, the status of a treaty must be defined in constitution so to ensure application of treaties (including Covenant) in domestic law, whether direct or indirect applications. Only thus, can objectives intended by international community in making the Covenant and objectives approved or acceded by states be attained, And in this way, the weakness of implementing mechanism of the Covenant can be changed.