公共卫生突发事件中个人信息权的保护:以新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情为背景

在公共卫生突发事件应对中追踪检测、收集及分析大量的个人健康信息和流动信息是出于社会大多数公众的生命安全之考虑,是实现公共管理手段的体现,可以达到对传染疾病的有效防治目的.但个人信息收集主体不规范的行为可能会导致个人信息泄露之可能,造成相关当事人的利益受损,如何平衡个人信息采集与公共利益保护依旧悬而未决.以公共卫生突发事件中的个人信息利用为全新视角,对个人信息保护制度进行研究,对于破解个人信息保护面临的实践难题具有重要的现实意义.本文分析了突发公共卫生事件下个人信息保护的法律依据,结合我国突发公共卫生事件下个人信息保护豁免的域外实践,指出我国突发公共卫生事件下个人信息保护存在一些困境,如在突发公共卫生事件中,个人信息的保护缺乏专门的立法和事后具体的利用规则.未来我国在突发公共卫生事件中,应加快个人信息保护的专门立法,同时应确立合法性原则、目的限定原则、最小范围原则及保密性原则为内容的公共卫生突发事件个人信息处理原则来进一步规范信息控制主体的行为.

The Protection of Personal Information Right in Public Health Emergency:on the Background of Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia Epidemic Situation

In response to public health emergencies,tracking detection,collection and analysis of a large number of personal health information and mobile information is for the safety of the majority of the public,is the embodi-ment of the means of public management.It can achieve the purpose of effective prevention and control of infec-tious diseases,but illegal use of personal information may lead to the leakage of said information,also the inter-ests of the parties concerned will be damaged.This paper analyzes the legal basis of protection of personal infor-mation under public health emergencies,combines the extraterritorial practice of personal information protection exemption under public health emergencies,and points out that there are some issues in the protection of person-al information under public health emergencies in China,such as lack of special legislation and lack of specific rules of protection of personal information in the public health emergencies.The protection of personal informa-tion in public health emergencies in China should speed up the special legislation of personal information protec-tion,standardize the rules of personal information utilization after public health emergencies,and establish the principles of legality,purpose limitation,minimum scope and confidentiality to further standardize the personal information utilization behavior of subject.