健康数据保护:健康二维码应用的法律风险及其治理

COVID-19的大规模流行破坏了世界正常的生产和生活秩序,也给每个国家的社会治理带来了新的挑战.为了控制流行疾病和促进经济恢复,健康二维码作为一种数字技术管理手段应运而生.从实际效果来看,健康二维码的开发在很大程度上消除了填写报告的繁琐工作,减少了交叉感染的可能性,并提高了数据收集的效率.但与此同时,健康二维码的广泛使用也可能给用户的健康数据带来安全隐患,诸如泄露、非法利用等,甚至可能影响用户旅行和工作的正当权益.因此,政府和企业必须遵循合法、透明和最低限度的原则,以消除上述风险.同时,在法律制度设计上,立法者应考虑充分保障用户知情权的实现、强化非法公开和使用健康数据的法律责任、灵活设定个人健康数据管理期限等.值得注意的是,我国的个人信息保护立法工作仍任重道远,健康二维码引起的社会关注无疑将为加速立法和完善中国个人信息保护规则提供新的动力.

Health Data Protection:The Legal Risks and Their Governance of the Application of Health QR Code

The large-scale epidemic of COVID-19 has disrupted the normal order of production and life in the world,and has also brought new challenges to the social governance of each country.In order to control epidemic diseases and promote economic recov-ery,health QR code has emerged as a digital technology management method.From the actual effect,the development of the health QR code has largely eliminated the tedious work of filling out reports,reduced the possibility of cross-infection,and improved the ef-ficiency of data collection.But at the same time,the widespread use of the health QR code may also bring security risks to users'health data,such as leakage,illegal use,etc.,and may even affect the legitimate rights and interests of users in travel and in work.Therefore,the government and enterprises must follow the principles of lawfulness,transparency and minimum in order to eliminate the above-mentioned risks.Furthermore,in the design of the legal system,legislators should consider fully guaranteeing the realiza-tion of users'right to know,strengthening legal responsibilities for illegal disclosure and use of health data,and flexibly setting per-sonal health data management deadlines.It is worth noting that our country's personal information protection legislation still has a long way to go,and the social attention caused by the health QR code will undoubtedly provide new impetus to accelerate legislation and improve the personal information protection rules of China.