专利许可中的搭售

搭售的构成条件有:两样独立的东西被捆绑在一起;搭售方具有相当的市场支配力;有相当的贸易受到了影响;存在强迫因素;这种安排不具有商业方面的合理性.按不同的分类标准,搭售可分为内向型搭售(tie in)与外向型搭售(tie out);设备 售后服务型搭售;专利 商标型搭售;方法专利 材料型搭售.搭售的法律规制,在美国有专利权滥用原则、《谢尔曼法》、《克莱顿法》、美国1995年《知识产权许可反托拉斯指南》;欧共体2004年《关于对技术转让协议适用欧共体条约第81条的指南(2004/C 101/02)》分析了搭售的限制性效果、提高效率的效果和促进竞争的效果.专利许可中可被允许的搭售包括保证专利的正常性能、保护商标、封锁专利、只能用于方法专利的非专利产品等情形.

The Tying Arrangement in Patent Licenses

The inscape of tying includes:two separate items are bounded together;the licensor has market power;enough commerce is affected;there is forcing in the case;the tying arrangement has no rationality in commerce.By different standard,tying can be classified to:tie in and tie out;equipment plus service;patent plus trademark;method patent plus material.To restrict tying,the rule of patent misuse, Sherman Act,Clayton Act,1995 Antitrust Guidelines for the Licensing of Intellectual Property are often used in USA.EU Guidelines on the Application of Article 81 of the EC Treaty to Technology Transfer Agreements(2004/C 101/02) analyzes the restrictive effect of tying,the effect of giving rise to efficiency gains and the pro-competitive effect. The permitted tying clauses in patent licensing include:to ensure the nature performance of patent;to protect trademark;blocking patents,non-patent products which can only be used to method patent.