行政主体责令承担民事责任的法律属性

我国大量法律法规规章中规定了大量的行政主体责令承担民事责任的内容。由于该内容往往设置在"法律责任"部分,并与行政处罚揉杂在一起,理论上和实践中,人们往往将其认定为行政处罚、行政制裁或者行政法律责任,从而只看到了其行政性而忽略了其司法性。行政主体责令承担民事责任本质上就是行政主体以中间人的身份对当事人之间民事权利义务关系作出的类似司法判决的裁决,具有民事性、中间性和司法性特征,应当属于行政裁决。它与责令改正及作为责令改正形式之一的责令赔偿国家损失也不相同。认定该种行为的行政裁决属性,有利于妥善处理行政权与民事主体意思自治之间的关系,有利于保障处理结果的公平和公正。

On the Legal Nature of Civil Liability Imposed by Administrative Bodies

China's many laws and regulations stipulate that administrative bodies order litigants to take civil liabilities. Such liability may be confused with administrative punishment easily and may be considered as a kind of administrative liability. This article points out that this kind of liability is quasi-judicial in nature and should better be considered as administrative adjudication.