理解当代中国的安全哲学

通过分析安全主体在安全政治中的思维逻辑和行为方式，可以抽象出其所信奉的安全哲学。以当代中国的安全哲学为例，自改革开放以来，基于自身关于和平与发展是当今时代主题的战略判断，中国提出与之相匹配和呼应的新安全观，并且分为互信、互利、平等、协作的新安全观，以及共同、综合、合作、可持续的新安全观两个阶段。同时，中国所主张的新安全观与旧安全观在政治基础、安全结构、安全战略、争端因应、和平保障五个方面形成鲜明对比。以此为线索，当代中国安全哲学的具体内涵可以被理解和概括为一体安全、兼容安全和发展安全，倡导树立忧患意识与发扬斗争精神。当然，当代中国的安全哲学还面临包括启动成本、维持成本和机会成本在内的成本问题，包括不对称问题和道德风险问题在内的行动问题，以及包括安全感问题、实践转化及其效力问题和他者问题在内的竞争力问题等现实困境和理论困难，这也是当代中国的安全外交需要作答和完成的理论命题与实践课题。

Making Sense of the Security Philosophy of Contemporary China

The security philosophies held by security actors can be abstracted and understood by analyzing their logic of thinking and way of behavior in security politics. Contemporary China’s security philosophy can serve as an example. Since its reform and opening up, based on its own strategic judgment that peace and development are the themes of the times, China has put forward a new security concept whose development can be divided into two phases, namely, a new security concept featuring mutual trust, mutual benefit, equality and coordination, and a new vision of security featuring common, comprehensive, cooperative and sustainable security. The new security concept advocated by China is in sharp contrast to the old one in five aspects: political foundation, security structure and strategy, dispute response, and guarantee of peace. Specifically, the security philosophy of contemporary China can be summarized as oneness security, compatibility security and development security, which calls for heightening awareness of potential dangers and preserving fighting spirit. Frankly speaking, China’s security philosophy also faces a variety of problems in terms of cost, action and competitiveness. These problems to be addressed serve as the theoretical propositions and practical issues that contemporary China’s security diplomacy needs to answer and accomplish.