绿色议题联盟与复合安全化实践：美国关键矿产联盟的构建逻辑

随着碳中和共识成为全球气候治理的主流认知，关键矿产作为支撑清洁能源转型的核心要素，对一国在世界低碳秩序转型中能否获得绿色竞争优势具有重要影响。面对中国等新兴大国的绿色崛起，美国对本国在关键矿产供应上的结构性劣势产生了浓重的霸权焦虑和不安全感。为此，美国选择对传统联盟体系进行调整，试图通过构建绿色议题联盟重塑对竞争对手的战略优势。为了解决联盟调整过程中的合法性约束和政策性约束，美国开启了复合安全化实践。其中，美国的安全化话语实践框定了联盟调整的合法性问题，针对国内民众和外部盟友塑造了关键矿产领域的不安全感，明确了议题联盟需要对抗的目标和具体做法。美国的安全化政策实践则在话语实践的基础上推动了与外部盟友之间在关键矿产问题上的政策协调，在双边和多边层面建立了一系列相互嵌套、兼顾多方位需求的合作机制。安全化话语实践和安全化政策实践相互交织，推动了以美国为主导的关键矿产联盟不断成形。然而，美国关键矿产联盟在理念、分歧管理和资源支撑等方面都存在较为明显的缺陷，其效力难以达到美国政府的预期。

Green Issue Alliance and Compound Securitization Practice: Construction Logic of the US Critical Minerals Alliance

As the consensus of carbon neutrality has become the mainstream cognition of global climate governance, critical minerals, as core elements supporting the clean energy transition, exert an important impact on whether a country can obtain a green competitive advantage in the emerging low-carbon order. Facing the green rise of major emerging countries such as China, the US feels a strong sense of hegemonic anxiety and insecurity about its structural disadvantage in the supply of critical minerals. For this reason, the US has chosen to adjust its traditional alliance systems, trying to reshape strategic advantages over its competitors in the critical minerals field through the construction of a green issue alliance. In order to solve the legitimacy and policy constraints in the process of alliance adjustment, the US has launched the practice of compound securitization in which the securitized discourse practice aims to frame the legitimacy of the alliance adjustment, arouse a sense of insecurity among its domestic audiences and external allies, and clarify the goals and specific practices that need to be addressed by the issue alliance in the field of critical minerals. At the same time, the securitized policy practice of the US aims to promote policy coordination with its allies on critical minerals issues. At the bilateral and multilateral levels, the US has established a series of nested, multifaceted cooperation mechanisms. The intertwined securitized discourse practice and securitized policy practice finally lead to the establishment of the US-led critical minerals alliance. However, the critical minerals alliance still faces significant defects in its philosophy, divergence management and resource support, thus making its effectiveness difficult to meet the expectations of the US government.