职工代表大会制度产生和发展的历史条件与特点

职工代表大会是中国共产党创立和发展的具有中国特色的企业民主管理的基本形式，其发展动力、参与领域以及职权，在不同历史时期表现出不同的特点。在革命时期，激发工人生产积极性是其主要发展动力；在建设时期，社会主义意识形态和政治民主的要求成为主要发展动力；改革开放以来，维护职工合法权益日益成为占主导地位的发展动力。职工代表大会参与的领域及其职权也在历史发展过程中日趋明确和理性，即在生产经营事务上享有审议建议权，在事关工人切身利益的重要事项上享有审议通过权，此外还享有对企业领导的评议监督权，以及对职工董事和职工监事的选举权。这种职权特点既遵从了资本增殖的理性要求，也关照了企业中职工的各种合理诉求。

On the Historical Conditions and Characteristics of the Establishment and Development of the System of Workers' Congress

The Workers'' Congress is a basic form of enterprise democratic management with Chinese characteristics established and developed by the CPC, and its development dynamics, participation fi elds, and powers have shown different characteristics across different historical periods. In the revolutionary period, stimulating workers'' production enthusiasm was its main development dynamic; in the construction period, socialist ideology and political democracy became the major development dynamics; since the era of the reform and opening up, safeguarding workers'' legitimate rights and interests has become increasingly dominant. Moreover, the participation fi elds and powers of the Workers'' Congress have also become increasingly clear and rational in the historical development process. They enjoy the right to deliberate and propose on production and operation affairs, the right to deliberate and pass important matters concerning workers'' vital interests, as well as the right to evaluate and supervise enterprise leaders, and elect workers'' directors and supervisors. These power characteristics both conform to the rational requirements of capital accumulation and take into account various reasonable demands of workers in the enterprise.