工作时间对城乡就业者健康的影响

工作时间对就业者健康有重要的影响。研究基于 CFPS2018 数据，利用回归分析和 Utest 检验方 法验证了工作时间与就业者的各项健康指标之间的关系，并计算了工作时间的临界值。研究发现：工作时间与 自评健康、心理健康以及慢性病指标之间均存在倒 U 型关系，临界值分别为 45.075 小时 / 周、35.550 小时 / 周、 53.100 小时 / 周，并且在城乡之间存在异质性。工作时间与城镇就业者的自评健康、城镇就业者的心理健康，以 及乡村就业者的自评健康之间存在倒 U 型关系，但与乡村就业者的心理健康之间为线性关系，城镇就业者的自 评健康临界值要大于乡村就业者。研究建议：可以提倡有限度的加班并给予加班补偿；此外，政府应该大力促 进就业，尤其是提升乡村就业者的就业质量。

Impacts of Working Hours on the Health of Urban and Rural Employees

Working hours have a signifi cant impact on the health of employees. This study, based on data from the China Family Panel Studies in 2018, employs regression analysis and Utest test methods to verify the relationship between working hours and a variety of health indicators of employees and computes the critical value of working hours. The study claims that working hours has an inverted U-shaped relationship with self-rated health, mental health, and chronic disease indicators, with critical values of 45.075 hours/week, 35.550 hours/week, and 53.100 hours/week respectively with heterogeneities between urban and rural areas. Working hours have an inverted U-shaped relationship with the self-rated health and mental health of urban employees. Also, there is an inverted U-shaped relationship between working hours and self-rated health of rural employees. Moreover, there is a linear relationship between working hours and the mental health of rural employees. The critical value of self-rated health for urban employees is greater than that for rural employees. The study suggests that limited overtime should be advocated and overtime compensation should also be made. In addition, the government should vigorously promote employment, in particular, improving the quality of employment for rural employees.